Orca (Orcinus orca) in Haines, Alaska, United States. Photo credit: Christopher Michel Scientists have proposed several hypotheses, including fight or flight (Ford & Reeves, 2008), for how killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation has influenced baleen whales and broader ecosystems. Southern right whales have a robust body shape, with girth sometimes [...]

Biofouling, the growth of marine organisms on in-water surfaces, is a perpetual and significant concern for all vessels. Hull biofouling can slow vessel speed, requiring the vessel to consume more fuel, resulting in an increased emission of greenhouse gasses. In addition to increasing drag on a vessel, biofouling by marine organisms within pipes can [...]